Thursday, April 24, 2025

Democracy on the Edge: A Nation in the Fog of Its Own Making

 Dr. Asis Mistry



Donald Trump’s political resurgence mirrors historical fascist movements and poses a grave threat to the foundations of American democracy.

History, it is often said, does not repeat itself, but it does rhyme. This adage rings with unsettling clarity when we examine the present trajectory of American politics under the shadow of Donald Trump. With his return to power, the United States finds itself in a moment of democratic vulnerability that carries echoes of early 20th-century Europe, particularly the rise of fascism in Italy and Germany. Though the context and contours differ, the essential tactics—undermining institutions, fostering ultra-nationalist fervour, scapegoating minorities, and attacking liberal thought—remain hauntingly familiar.

In 1922, Benito Mussolini came to power in Italy not by storming the gates of parliament but by being invited in. King Victor Emmanuel III, amid political paralysis, appointed him prime minister, despite the Fascist Party holding only a handful of seats. Similarly, Adolf Hitler, though leading a minority party, was invited to form a coalition government in 1933 by conservatives who believed they could contain and use him to neutralise the left. In both cases, democratic institutions were used as ladders to power—and then kicked away.

Trump’s rise did not initially mirror this trajectory in method, but over time, his politics have begun to reflect its essence. In 2016, he was elected on a wave of populist discontent, promising to "drain the swamp" and restore America's "greatness" against the backdrop of economic uncertainty, racial anxieties, and anti-immigrant sentiment. His supporters were not marginal extremists alone but included mainstream conservatives, business elites, and religious traditionalists, many of whom believed they could ride his charisma to advance their agendas.

During his first term, Trump’s politics flirted with authoritarianism—questioning the judiciary, demonising the press, and stoking white nationalist rhetoric—but remained within certain democratic bounds. It was after his 2020 electoral defeat, however, that the darker undercurrents surfaced with full force. His baseless claims of electoral fraud culminated in the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol, an act of insurrection not seen since the Civil War. The goal was to halt the certification of Joe Biden’s electoral victory, a direct assault on the peaceful transfer of power.

What unfolded that day should have ended a political career. Instead, it hardened a movement. Trump's refusal to accept electoral defeat, his tacit encouragement of violence, and his ongoing campaign of grievance and revenge have only deepened his grip on the Republican base. His latest administration is staffed entirely by loyalists, purging anyone with independent thought or institutional allegiance. Traditional Republican leaders, who once criticised him, now either support him unconditionally or remain complicit in silence.

Trump’s agenda today reveals an unambiguous pattern. He has accelerated mass deportations of undocumented immigrants, sometimes without court authorisation, reviving cruel tactics like shackling migrants and sending them to prisons in foreign countries. His justification is national security, but the message is unmistakable: dissent and difference are unwelcome in Trump’s America.

The comparison with fascist regimes becomes more troubling when we examine Trump’s hostility toward academia and liberal institutions. Under his directives, federal funding has been cut from universities accused of harbouring “anti-Israel” sentiments—often conflated with broader critiques of American foreign policy or human rights. This suppression of intellectual dissent, particularly targeting research on race, gender, and colonialism, mirrors the fascist obsession with ideological purity. In fascist Europe, universities were among the first institutions to be silenced or co-opted, as critical inquiry was seen as a threat to state control.

Trump’s collaboration with billionaire allies like Elon Musk to audit and downsize federal departments further erodes institutional independence. Without any official designation, Musk has been given sweeping authority to identify “waste” and streamline government—a euphemism for ideological cleansing. Thousands of civil servants have been fired, particularly from education and foreign aid departments, which conservatives label as liberal bastions. Again, the comparison is apt: fascist regimes often employed industrialists and media magnates to restructure the state in service of the regime.

Meanwhile, conservative attacks on affirmative action, gender equity, and social welfare have escalated. The Trump administration’s explicit denial of institutional racism and its ban on social diversity programs reinforce a vision of America that is exclusionary, patriarchal, and monolithic. This is not governance—it is a cultural crusade.

Even Trump’s economic policies serve ideological rather than practical ends. His reintroduction of steep tariffs, particularly against China, has rattled global markets and triggered fears of trade wars. The financial logic is dubious, as history and economics warn that trade wars rarely benefit anyone. But for Trump, these moves serve a nationalist narrative: they paint America as a victim of global exploitation and himself as its saviour.

The consequences are immediate. Prices rise. Investments falter. Pensions shrink. Yet Trump persists, because the politics of spectacle and resentment outweigh economic rationality. This is not about fixing America—it is about controlling it.

The most alarming element, however, is the erosion of democratic norms. Trump’s open musing about bypassing constitutional term limits, combined with his threat to weaponise institutions against political opponents, raises serious concerns about the future of American democracy. Fascists, once in power, rarely surrender it voluntarily. They change the rules, suppress dissent, and manufacture consent.

And while Trump may not wear a uniform or lead a paramilitary force, he enjoys the unwavering support of groups like the Proud Boys and other far-right militias. Many of those who stormed the Capitol now hold positions of influence in his party. Their rise is not an accident—it is part of a strategy. Fear, misinformation, and intimidation are tools as potent today as they were in the 1930s.

What is perhaps most disheartening is the passivity of the establishment. Conservative judges, corporate donors, and Republican lawmakers who once claimed to defend the Constitution now look the other way. Their complicity recalls the appeasement of fascism by European elites who thought they could manage the radicals, only to be consumed by them.

America today stands at an inflexion point. The institutions of democracy—courts, elections, press, academia—are under assault not from external enemies but from within. The battle is not only about Trump but about what kind of country the United States wants to be. Will it remain a pluralist democracy, messy and diverse but committed to liberty and law? Or will it slide further into authoritarianism cloaked in the language of patriotism?

The answer will depend on the courage of its citizens and leaders. History teaches us that fascism often wins not because of overwhelming strength but because of the weakness of opposition—because people assume “it can’t happen here” until it already has.

Democracy is not self-sustaining. It must be defended, not only in times of crisis but every day, by those who value freedom, equality, and justice. Donald Trump’s politics may not yet be fascism in its full form, but the shadows are lengthening. And shadows, left unchallenged, eventually turn to night.

 

Note: This essay is inspired by Partha Chatterjee’s insightful article published in Anandabazar Patrika on the political parallels between Donald Trump’s rise and historical 

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